1) W. Leaf, ed., Strabo on the Troad. Book XIII, Cap. I, Cambridge 1923, 27, 240-246. [M. Ricl, ed., Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 53. The Inscriptions of Alexandreia Troas, Bonn 1997, 188-198, T 2, T 14.]

2) M. van der Valk, ed., Eustathii archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis commentarii ad Homeri Iliadem pertinentes I, Leiden 1971, 56 ad A 39.

3) Men.Rhet. II.445. [D.A. Russell and N.G. Wilson, eds., Menander Rhetor, Oxford 1981, 358, observe Menander's evident unfamiliarity with the sanctuary.]

4) W. Wroth, Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Troas, Aeolis, and Lesbos, British Museum, London 1894, xvi-xix; 9, nos. 1-3, Alexandreia Troas, bronze issue of ca. 300 B.C., pl. III.6.

5) L. Lacroix, Les reproductions de statues sur les monnaies grecques, Liège 1949, 82-86; 318.

6) Fragments identified as belonging to the cult statue of the Smintheum are not very informative: M.J. Mellink, Archaeology in Asia Minor, American Jounal of Archaeology 86, 1982, 573; one fragment of the right leg is 1.13 m. long.

7) V. Grace, Scopas in Chryse, Journal of Hellenic Studies 52, 1932, 228-232. While clever, this explanation gives too much credence to Eustathius and perhaps should not be taken as an entirely serious suggestion. C. Picard, Manuel d'archéologie grecque IV. La sculpture. Période classique -IV^e siècle 2, Paris 1954, 147.

8) Lacroix (n. 5) 83-84; P.W. Lehmann and D. Spittle, Samothrace V. The Temenos, Princeton 1982, 258-261. Against this idea is the marked archaizing tendency in the numismatic renderings, especially in the Roman series. Compare the autonomous issues with the Roman: Wroth (n. 4), pls. 3-5. The diversity among the coins discourages any attempt at close stylistic analysis of the statue behind the renderings. Certainly the series showing the miraculous discovery of the statue in a cave attests antiquarian interest, rightly emphasized by Lehmann (261 and n. 254). The archaistic features of the image may well be largely owed to the die-cutters.

9) Lehmann (n. 8) 259.

10) C. Picard, Manuel d'archéologie grecque III. La sculpture. Période classique -IV^e siècle 1, Paris 1948, 689; Lacroix (n. 5) 84-85.

11) Lehmann (n. 8) 259-260, fig. 214.

12) Leaf (n. 1) xxviii-xxxix.

13) M. Bieber, The Sculpture of the Hellenistic Age, New York 1961, 34-35. Such figures have been linked with the image of Apollo Smintheus by Furtwängler and others: Picard, Manuel III (n. 10) 689, 690 fig. 297, 691 fig. 298; Lehmann (n. 8) 259, n. 250.

14) Heraclides Ponticus, fr. 154 Wehrli (Die Schule des Aristoteles 7, Basel 1953 [second ed. 1969]), κτίσεις ἱερῶν; cf. Daebritz' assignment of the fragment to his περὶ χρηστηρίων: PW 8 (1913) 482. [Ricl (n. 1) 194, T 20. For Heraclides, see now H. B. Gottschalk, Heraclides of Pontus, Oxford / New York 1980.]

15) J. Chadwick, Greek and Pre-Greek, Transactions of the Philological Society 1969, 80-98.

16) Eustathius ad H. Il. A 39; van der Valk (n. 2) 55-56. [Ricl (n. 1) 190-191, T 8-13 for these sources.]

17) For the element -nth- as an asystemic sequence in Greek: R. A. Crossland and A. Birchall, eds., Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean, London 1973, 279, responding to C. Renfrew's paper, Archaeological and Linguistic Strata: Correlation in Prehistoric Greece; [cf. Ricl (n. 1) 190, n. 22]; in the same volume, J. M. Cook, Bronze Age Sites in the Troad, 39, mentions the EBA material at the Smintheus sanctuary. [J. M. Cook, The Troad, Oxford 1973, 228-230; idem, Cities in and around the Troad, Annual of the British School at Athens 83, 1988, 16.]

18) E.g., E. D. van Buren, Religious Rites and Ritual in the Time of Uruk IV-V, Archiv. f. Orientforsch. 13, 1939-40, 35; 1, fig. 3 (fragmentary relief IM 4325, "seems to represent a nude priest approaching an enthroned deity").

19) E.g., H. Frankfort, Cylinder Seals, London 1939, pl. XXII.

20) K. Bittel, Das hethitische Felsheiligtum Yazilikaya, Berlin 1975, pl. 26,1.

21) M. von Oppenheim, D. Opitz, and A. Moortgat, Tell Halaf III. Die Bildwerke, Berlin, 1955; M. von Oppen-heim, F. Langenegger, K. Müller, and R. Naumann, Tell Halaf II. Die Bauwerke, Berlin 1950, 55, Abb. 22.

22) W. Orthmann, Untersuchungen zur späthethitischen Kunst, Bonn 1971, 567, for the distribution of Late Hittite monuments.

23) E. Akurgal, Die Kunst Anatoliens, Berlin 1961, 34, figs. 9-10.

24) For the background of the cult in the light of ethnography, see J.G. Frazer, Pausanias's Description of Greece, London 1913, V, 289-292, ad 10.12.5, with references to his discussions in The Golden Bough.

25) Leaf (n. 1) 242. [For a different view, see A.A. Donohue, Xoana and the Origins of Greek Sculpture, Atlanta 1988, 78-83.]

26) A conclusion that has spread beyond the confines of classical scholarship. For example, R. Crawfurd, Plague and Pestilence in Literature and Art, Oxford 1914, 17, concludes that "the association of mice with famine-pestilence was well recognized, but of any knowledge at this time of the association of rats with plague there is little evidence." For more balanced remarks on the rat in (classical) antiquity, see J.F.D. Shrewsbury, A History of the Bubonic Plague in the British Isles, Cambridge 1970, 9-11.

27) Or. 12. 50-52, on seeing Pheidias' Olympian Zeus; translation, J.J. Pollitt.